Essay on hinduism and buddhism Essay Example for Free

Article on hinduism and buddhism Essay Hinduism and Buddhism have various likenesses and are somehow or another associated with one another. A portion of the acts of the two religions are comparable from numerous points of view and there are a few guides to show this. Hinduism first began in Quite a while around 1500 BC. The word Hindu originates from the word sindhu or waterway. The Hindu people group consider themselves the individuals who have faith in the Vedas, or the individuals who follow the way or dharma of the four classes and the phases of life. The four classes being the varnas and the phases of life being the ashramas. Like Hinduism, Buddhism likewise began in India. It depends on the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha. Buddhism began a devout development in the Brahman convention. Another name for buddah is the illuminated one.It is commonly concurred that the Buddha was conceived in 563 BC in Kapilavastu to the leader of a little realm. He grew up as a rich person and had an unbelievable life. At the point when he was 29 he came to understand that high life as yet had been so vacant. He let go any natural things and before long left to discover harmony and edification attempting to avoid the patterns of resurrections. He began rehearsing Yoga and embraced an existence of radical austerity. He before long surrendered along these lines of reasoning and concentrated on a center way between the life of guilty pleasure and that of forbearance. Sooner or later of incredible inward battle, he started to meander to better places and lecture and sorted out a network know as the sang ha. The Buddha began the development for every single various individuals and denied that a people otherworldly worth involves birth. The Buddha left no composed word. The Cannon for the Buddhist religion is known as the Tripitaka or three Baskets, in light of the fact that is has three works. These are the Sutra Pitaka which is an assortment of talks, the Vinaya Pitaka, which is the code of the religious principles, and the Abhidharma Pitaka, which contains all unique philosophical, mental, and doctrinal conversations and various arrangements. The Vinaya Pitaka has more than 225 guidelines for the Buddhist priests and nuns, eachâ which has a story to clarify. The Abhidharma Pitaka has seven unique works, which incorporate definite orders of the mental wonders, powerful examination, and a thesaurus of specialized jargon. Hinduism likewise has a great deal of works yet the most significant of everything is the Vedas. The most established is the Rig-Veda, which was made in an old type of the Sanskrit language in upper east India. It comprises of 1028 psalms to huge numbers of the divine beings.

How atmosphere is created in Victorian ghost stories Essay Example for Free

How air is made in Victorian apparition stories Essay Talk about and analyze how climate is made in three Victorian phantom stories Environment is made in Victorian phantom stories by utilizing a couple of fundamental elements - Characters - non-literal language - setting - subjects - Era (timeframe) Most of Victorian apparition creators utilize these variables since they are ideal to make climate in any story, for example for a topic you can utilize dread, and for a setting you can utilize an old surrendered manor, a story can without much of a stretch be set around this in light of the fact that the two variables fit together as a similar sort. The main creator that will be utilized for instance will use for instance will be Charles Dickens, he was conceived in 1812, He had a grand photographic memory which helped him base a portion of his characters on individuals he had met before on in his life. The story I will concentrate on by dickens will be THE SIGNALMAN, this story is a decent decision since its air is developed when you perused the story, THE SIGNALMAN is being described by the noble man in the story, he is a methods for making environment since he places in a first individual point of view, he offers input and mentions to you what the landscape resembles, characters are right around a piece of the setting, they make a mind-set, for instance the hero in the story invests the majority of his energy gaining from the signalman-how I should act, having become the beneficiary of this divulgence? I had demonstrated the man to be shrewd, watchful, meticulous, and careful, from the outset the hero sees the signalman to be a lone, phantom of a man, however becoming more acquainted with him, he considers him to be a man trusting that something will come (this is presently non-literal language), what the creator is attempting to let you know is that he isn't holding back to change the train track, yet is sitting tight for the notice (or sign) towards his passing. One of the topics is either demise or heck, for instance, in the beginning the signalman was stunned when the storyteller shouts at him halloa, underneath there, the signalman believes that the hero is a phantom (the sign man is hanging tight for death). A statement that can bolster the subject of damnation is: only then there came an unclear vibration of the earth and air, immediately changed into a brutal throb and an approaching surge that made me start back, this shows this character isn't use to trains (in all likelihood on account of the time (timeframe) , in which trains are generally new and numerous individuals are terrified of them), he may discover them gigantic, allegorically, the ground shuddering and the hero going down into the channel may perhaps mean the earth is opening, and he is sliding into hellfire. The time (timeframe) additionally assists with the structure of the air for the explanation that the story is set around trains, and in Victorian occasions the overall population were frightened of trains which would add to the frightfulness of the record being told. The writer will utilize characters as an instrument to manufacture air by clarifying what the individual in question resembles, how they act and what they do, for instance, And moving closer to him, saw that he was a dim pallid man with a dim facial hair and rather overwhelming eyebrows, the storyteller is portraying the signalman as an individual who doesn't interface with others and as though he is now dead as a result of his fair skin, profound voice, and in another piece of the story he is depicted as having a contamination of the psyche, adding to the topic of death. The setting in the signalman is diminish and frightening, this is clarified by the hero, down in the profound channel, and mine was so high above him, so saturated with the irate nightfall, the channel depicted in this statement is planned to speak to the hero on earth, gazing down into his grave, it may be the case that the purpose of the story is to speak to the hero demise. The following Victorian phantom creator that will be utilized is Abraham stoker (Bram stoker); he is most popular as the maker of the anecdotal character Count Dracula. The story which will be utilized is THE JUDGES HOUSE. One of the topics in this story is dread, this is for the most part made by utilizing setting and characters, for instance, the hero, Malcolm Malcolmson needs a position of isolation to do his logical research thus he finds an old shambling, overwhelming assembled place of Jacobean style , with substantial peaks and windows, set higher than typical, standard houses he finds the ideal house for his exploration, this is additionally the ideal house to fabricate tension, awfulness and the subject, dread. This specific story brings diverse eras(periods of time) to it on the grounds that the house that malcolmson takes residency in has a history, as malcolmson requests to remain in the house to the landowner, she answers not in the adjudicators house!, she stated, and developed pale as she talked the dwelling place of the appointed authority who was held in incredible dread on account of the unforgiving sentences and his antagonistic vibe towards the detainees at assizes, this makes the plot, and thus it makes a negative climate towards the house. This statement can likewise clarify how the characters make environment by utilization of their language , another case of this would be kindness on us, said Ms. Witham an old fallen angel, and sitting on a seat by the fireside , take care sir, fare thee well, Ms. Witham the lady talking, seems as though she is apprehensive simply discussing the adjudicator. In this story a setting can likewise speak to a character for example the rodents are intended to speak to the appointed authority, since it continues grabbing the eye of malcolmson, he lifted a book in his correct hand and focusing, flung it at the rodent, it sprang aside like a rocket, he took another book and rehashed his activity, and a third, until he had just one book left, the rodent squeaked and appeared to be apprehensive, malcolmson increasingly anxious to strike, the book flew with a reverberating blow. The book that hit the rodent was the holy book, normally in any Victorian phantom story the hero should utilize a strict article to dispose of the scoundrel, for example in Bram stokers Dracula the hero (van Helsing) utilizes a cross to fight Dracula. So the rodent (the appointed authority) should be terrified of the book of scriptures. The rodents are additionally intended to speaking to the appointed authorities abhorrent spreading like a plague, and destroying everybodys lives around it. The last writer that will be utilized to respond to the inquiry is Herbert George wells (h.g wells) he was a Victorian science fiction author generally renowned for his novel war of the universes. The story he composed that will be utilized is THE RED ROOM. This will give genuine instances of how environment is made by utilizing characters; in the start of the story there is a discussion between the hero and the retired people, the beneficiaries help make climate since they are for the most part by one way or another injured, for instance, its your own picking, said the man with the shriveled arm again a subsequent elderly person entered, increasingly twisted, progressively wrinkled, more matured than the first. The explanation these characters resemble this is on the grounds that they continue addressing the hero about not setting off to the red room, he wont listen in light of the fact that nobody might want to accept two feeble old beneficiaries over their own conclusion. The setting of the red room is a somewhat unique to other phantom stories since it is less detached (there are more characters in the key structure). It appears to be odd that the adversary would possibly show up when a character is separated from everyone else, as though it is timid: as I stood uncertain, an imperceptible hand appeared to clear out the two candles on the table, with a cry of dread I ran to the recess. The case of time (period in time) that occurs in the story is all the more an idea than it being existent: a more established age when things profound were to be sure to be dreaded, when good judgment was exceptional, an age, when signs and witches were trustworthy, and apparition past denying. This makes an Atmosphere of mischievousness since it helps you to remember the period in which everything was strict (religion can dispose of insidiousness) and the congregation drove people in general to be against witches, evil spirits and the villain. In each of the three of the tales there will be a person(s) who has encountered or seen the repulsions that have occurred previously, they make climate by giving the story a history.' End: Environment is made in Victorian apparition stories by utilizing a portion of the variables said previously - Era (timeframe) - Theme - Characters - Setting These elements are HOW environment is made in these three Victorian phantom stories since they are ideal to put what is required for an apparition story in the plot: tension, history, demise and a puzzle to be explained.

College Science Fair Projects by Topic

School Science Fair Projects by Topic It tends to be a test to think of a science reasonable undertaking thought. There is savage rivalry to think of the coolest thought, in addition to you need a subject that is viewed as proper for your instructive level.â An all around planned undertaking at the school level can make the way for future instructive and profession openings, so it pays to invest some idea and energy into your subject. A decent undertaking will respond to an inquiry and test a theory. Arranging and Research Understudies typically have a semester to finish their task, so they have some an opportunity to plan and direct research. The objective at this level is to locate a unique theme. It doesnt must be something confused or tedious. Likewise, appearances tally. Focus on proficient quality pictures and introduction. Written by hand work and drawings wont fill in just as a printed report or banner with photos. Potential thoughts, separated by theme, include: Plants and Seeds Does the nearness of cleanser in water influence plant development? In what ways? What is the suggestion with respect to water pollution?Does attraction influence the development of plants? In what way?Is a seed influenced by its size? Do diverse size seeds have distinctive germination rates? Does seed size influence the development rate or last size of a plant?How close does a plant need to be to a pesticide for the pesticide to work? What components impact the viability of a pesticide, for example, downpour, light or wind? What amount would you be able to weaken a pesticide while holding its adequacy? How successful are regular bug deterrents?What is the impact of a compound on a plant? You can take a gander at normal contaminations, for example, engine oil or overflow from a bustling road or bizarre substances, for instance, squeezed orange or heating pop. Variables that you can quantify incorporate pace of plant development, leaf size, life/passing of the plant, the shade of the plant, and capacity to bloom/tolerate fruit.How does cold stockpiling influence the germination of seeds? Elements you can control incorporate the kind of seeds, length of capacity and the temperature of capacity, light, and dampness. Nourishment How does the state of an ice 3D shape influence how rapidly it melts?Do similar sorts of form develop on a wide range of bread? Are sure additives greater at hindering perilous molds than others?Is the healthful substance of various brands of a vegetable, (for example, canned peas) the equivalent? What amount of variety is there in some random item? Various What types of reusing are accessible to understudies? On the off chance that undergrads took an interest in these reusing programs, what might be the impact on cost, the environment?Do purchasers lean toward faded paper items or characteristic shading paper items? What elements influence the inclination? Age? Financial status? Gender?Solve an issue. For instance, would you be able to structure a superior kind of road convergence?

Management Executive Summary - 1925 Words

Management Executive Summary (Essay Sample) Content: MANAGEMENTby (Name)Course:Tutor:Institution:Location of the InstitutionDate:Executive SummaryThis report offers comprehensive information on the four major managerial functions that business organizations utilize. The report makes use of this information to provide an example of Virgin Airlines and the success it has managed to achieve through the years. Started in 1986, the airline has become one of the most successful in the world. The report highlights this success by offering a four-step managerial process that is responsible for guaranteeing the airline success throughout the years. The conclusion reiterates the main points of the paper that provides details on the four major managerial functions, planning, organizing, leading and controlling.IntroductionVirgin Airlines makes use of the four major managerial functions to help in achieving its goals and objectives. These functions resonate across all types of business because they reflect on the main processes and operations of an enterprise. A systematic approach to the management of resources and planning for the future is always important in ensuring the success of the organization. Thus, this essay offers comprehensive information on the techniques that Virgin Airlines makes use of in its business activities to ensure profitability and expansion into new markets.The report offers an exploration of the procedures that the management of the organization follows in its operations. The process of management begins with the planning process that mainly involves preparation and laying out the objectives of the firm. Therefore, organization is necessary because the manager needs to understand the utilization of resources. The organization then offers leadership to the employees to ensure that they remain in line with the objectives of the enterprise. Lastly, there is a need to enforce control measures that will ensure the objectives of the organization do not go off track in the course of its o perations.AnalysisPlanningThe first, crucial managerial function is planning. This is the process of preparing a road map that will guide the organization towards achieving its set objectives. The utilization of the plan in Virgin Airlines is evident as the major operations of the firm focuses on providing a good flight experience for its passengers. Planning is necessary at the organization because there are numerous resources that need proper coordination to guarantee success (Schumpeter 2004, 90). Further, the expansion of the business operations of the airline from Europe to North America and other parts of the world makes planning a critical activity.The business mission is utilized in the process of planning because it aligns the employees towards success. Virgin Airlines states that its mission is to embrace the human spirit and let it fly. This means that the management of the organization plans for the best flight experience while offering top-notch leisure and entertainmen t services. In order to achieve this, prior planning is necessary because it allows the airlines to select the best available services to enforce in its wide range of products. The focus of the employee changes from that of their ordinary work to a plight for the best flight experience (Sapru 2008, 27).At a functional level, there is planning in the training and preparation of the employees working for the airlines. The planning activities mainly go into the training exercises of the organization where employees are familiarized with the key values of the organization (Conaty Ram 2011, 38). The unique training experiences in addition to the emphasis on customer experience provide success to the planning procedures of Virgin Airlines. The mission of the organization provides a conducive environment that allows the management to come up with the most appropriate plans for guaranteeing success in the market.OrganizingThe process of planning leads up to the organization activities of t he firm. This is mainly because of the resources that are necessary for the operations of the main activities of the organization (Petersen Carpenter 2011, 83). The planning process is in line with the mission of the organization that revolves around providing the best flight experience for the customers. This is an important concept for Virgin Airlines because it sets them apart from other competitors operating within the same industry. Therefore, organizing becomes a priority to scaling down on confusion and to ensure there are adequate resources to achieve the organizations mission.The training procedures, mission statement, and other planning procedures lead up to the need for organization. The activities required to carry out the plan include analyzing the competitors in the industry, maximizing on new markets and offering customers irresistible discounts. The management of Virgin Airlines organizes these activities in relation to the objectives of the firm as a whole. The eff orts of the employees must be in line with the expectations of the airlines at the end of the financial period. Thus, the planning exercise allows for the appropriate organization of resources to guarantee that the firm moves in a single direction towards success (Wells 2004, 10).The process of organizing involves a number of systematic activities within Virgin Airlines to guarantee success. Firstly, the management determines the employees that will engage in the different operations in the organization. There will be the need to organize the staff who will be handling different sets of duties; these include staff members who will have direct contact with passengers such as the stewards and stewardesses and those who will be working out of the offices, such as financial controllers. Secondly, there will be a need to organize the main tasks of the airline.The division of labor synonymously relates to the division of resources for achieving the tasks. The planning process contributes greatly to the organization of tasks because the management already understands the main operations necessary for success. Other organizational activities in Virgin Airlines are the grouping of tasks and establishing a chain of command. The tasks that make use of the same resources or are geared towards a similar goal are grouped together to guarantee the effectiveness of the employees (Wright 2011, 37). Similarly, establishing a chain of command allows for the further entrenchment of the business objectives and operations to run smoothly as a result of the organization of resources.LeadingThere are a number of strategies that a manager can rely on to lead their employees towards achieving the set goals. First, the managers working in Virgin Airlines direct the activities of the employees and emphasize the scope of operations. Directing is a critical leadership function that provides direction to the rest of the employees and enables them to move concurrently towards the achievemen t of the firms objectives (Wood 2004, 38). Secondly, the managers also motivate their employees in their duties as a critical leadership function at Virgin Airlines. There are numerous strategies that are utilized at the firm to ensure the employees maintain their focus and passion for their work (Hansen 2005, 56).These include salary bumps, privileges such as company cars, entertainment allowances, and promotions to top-tier positions. Motivation works very well in helping the employee retain passion for working with the organization because they develop a closer attachment to the firm. Thirdly, the managers at Virgin Airlines lead their employees through activities such as conflict resolution. This is an essential activity in any enterprise because conflicts have the propensity of disrupting the operations of the airline. The managers have to ensure that they are capable of getting down to the root of any problem affecting the employees of the firm. This ensures that the employees have a conducive working environment where conflict does not dominate their main responsibilities (Lin 2011, 44).Lastly, establishing communication lines among the employees and the teams are also a crucial leadership function. The communication lines allow for the spread of information and ideas that help to coordinate the operations of the firm. The communication lines are also pivotal in communicating any changes to the objectives of the firm. This will be relevant to the employees to ensure that they maintain the high standards of the airline (Hemant 2011, 49).ControllingThe functional manager at Virgin Airlines also needs to enforce a number of control measures to monitor the progress of the plan. The review process is critical because it shows the progress that the organization is making. This allows the manager to make any alterations that will benefit the firm and enable it to achieve its objectives in a faster and easier way. The review process at Virgin Airlines is excell ent as it enables the management of the firm to make any changes to the main objectives. These changes are usually critical, especially if the organization wants to maintain a steady rate of business in comparison to the competitors in the industry (Bell 2012, 19).The controlling process mainly involves monitoring the performance of the organization. This means that the functional managers will identify the manner in which... Management Executive Summary - 1925 Words Management Executive Summary (Essay Sample) Content: MANAGEMENTby (Name)Course:Tutor:Institution:Location of the InstitutionDate:Executive SummaryThis report offers comprehensive information on the four major managerial functions that business organizations utilize. The report makes use of this information to provide an example of Virgin Airlines and the success it has managed to achieve through the years. Started in 1986, the airline has become one of the most successful in the world. The report highlights this success by offering a four-step managerial process that is responsible for guaranteeing the airline success throughout the years. The conclusion reiterates the main points of the paper that provides details on the four major managerial functions, planning, organizing, leading and controlling.IntroductionVirgin Airlines makes use of the four major managerial functions to help in achieving its goals and objectives. These functions resonate across all types of business because they reflect on the main processes and operations of an enterprise. A systematic approach to the management of resources and planning for the future is always important in ensuring the success of the organization. Thus, this essay offers comprehensive information on the techniques that Virgin Airlines makes use of in its business activities to ensure profitability and expansion into new markets.The report offers an exploration of the procedures that the management of the organization follows in its operations. The process of management begins with the planning process that mainly involves preparation and laying out the objectives of the firm. Therefore, organization is necessary because the manager needs to understand the utilization of resources. The organization then offers leadership to the employees to ensure that they remain in line with the objectives of the enterprise. Lastly, there is a need to enforce control measures that will ensure the objectives of the organization do not go off track in the course of its o perations.AnalysisPlanningThe first, crucial managerial function is planning. This is the process of preparing a road map that will guide the organization towards achieving its set objectives. The utilization of the plan in Virgin Airlines is evident as the major operations of the firm focuses on providing a good flight experience for its passengers. Planning is necessary at the organization because there are numerous resources that need proper coordination to guarantee success (Schumpeter 2004, 90). Further, the expansion of the business operations of the airline from Europe to North America and other parts of the world makes planning a critical activity.The business mission is utilized in the process of planning because it aligns the employees towards success. Virgin Airlines states that its mission is to embrace the human spirit and let it fly. This means that the management of the organization plans for the best flight experience while offering top-notch leisure and entertainmen t services. In order to achieve this, prior planning is necessary because it allows the airlines to select the best available services to enforce in its wide range of products. The focus of the employee changes from that of their ordinary work to a plight for the best flight experience (Sapru 2008, 27).At a functional level, there is planning in the training and preparation of the employees working for the airlines. The planning activities mainly go into the training exercises of the organization where employees are familiarized with the key values of the organization (Conaty Ram 2011, 38). The unique training experiences in addition to the emphasis on customer experience provide success to the planning procedures of Virgin Airlines. The mission of the organization provides a conducive environment that allows the management to come up with the most appropriate plans for guaranteeing success in the market.OrganizingThe process of planning leads up to the organization activities of t he firm. This is mainly because of the resources that are necessary for the operations of the main activities of the organization (Petersen Carpenter 2011, 83). The planning process is in line with the mission of the organization that revolves around providing the best flight experience for the customers. This is an important concept for Virgin Airlines because it sets them apart from other competitors operating within the same industry. Therefore, organizing becomes a priority to scaling down on confusion and to ensure there are adequate resources to achieve the organizations mission.The training procedures, mission statement, and other planning procedures lead up to the need for organization. The activities required to carry out the plan include analyzing the competitors in the industry, maximizing on new markets and offering customers irresistible discounts. The management of Virgin Airlines organizes these activities in relation to the objectives of the firm as a whole. The eff orts of the employees must be in line with the expectations of the airlines at the end of the financial period. Thus, the planning exercise allows for the appropriate organization of resources to guarantee that the firm moves in a single direction towards success (Wells 2004, 10).The process of organizing involves a number of systematic activities within Virgin Airlines to guarantee success. Firstly, the management determines the employees that will engage in the different operations in the organization. There will be the need to organize the staff who will be handling different sets of duties; these include staff members who will have direct contact with passengers such as the stewards and stewardesses and those who will be working out of the offices, such as financial controllers. Secondly, there will be a need to organize the main tasks of the airline.The division of labor synonymously relates to the division of resources for achieving the tasks. The planning process contributes greatly to the organization of tasks because the management already understands the main operations necessary for success. Other organizational activities in Virgin Airlines are the grouping of tasks and establishing a chain of command. The tasks that make use of the same resources or are geared towards a similar goal are grouped together to guarantee the effectiveness of the employees (Wright 2011, 37). Similarly, establishing a chain of command allows for the further entrenchment of the business objectives and operations to run smoothly as a result of the organization of resources.LeadingThere are a number of strategies that a manager can rely on to lead their employees towards achieving the set goals. First, the managers working in Virgin Airlines direct the activities of the employees and emphasize the scope of operations. Directing is a critical leadership function that provides direction to the rest of the employees and enables them to move concurrently towards the achievemen t of the firms objectives (Wood 2004, 38). Secondly, the managers also motivate their employees in their duties as a critical leadership function at Virgin Airlines. There are numerous strategies that are utilized at the firm to ensure the employees maintain their focus and passion for their work (Hansen 2005, 56).These include salary bumps, privileges such as company cars, entertainment allowances, and promotions to top-tier positions. Motivation works very well in helping the employee retain passion for working with the organization because they develop a closer attachment to the firm. Thirdly, the managers at Virgin Airlines lead their employees through activities such as conflict resolution. This is an essential activity in any enterprise because conflicts have the propensity of disrupting the operations of the airline. The managers have to ensure that they are capable of getting down to the root of any problem affecting the employees of the firm. This ensures that the employees have a conducive working environment where conflict does not dominate their main responsibilities (Lin 2011, 44).Lastly, establishing communication lines among the employees and the teams are also a crucial leadership function. The communication lines allow for the spread of information and ideas that help to coordinate the operations of the firm. The communication lines are also pivotal in communicating any changes to the objectives of the firm. This will be relevant to the employees to ensure that they maintain the high standards of the airline (Hemant 2011, 49).ControllingThe functional manager at Virgin Airlines also needs to enforce a number of control measures to monitor the progress of the plan. The review process is critical because it shows the progress that the organization is making. This allows the manager to make any alterations that will benefit the firm and enable it to achieve its objectives in a faster and easier way. The review process at Virgin Airlines is excell ent as it enables the management of the firm to make any changes to the main objectives. These changes are usually critical, especially if the organization wants to maintain a steady rate of business in comparison to the competitors in the industry (Bell 2012, 19).The controlling process mainly involves monitoring the performance of the organization. This means that the functional managers will identify the manner in which...

Film and video production Essay - 1618 Words

Film and Video Production: Becoming the Future of the Silver Screen Every so often a movie is released with such tense anticipation and glamorous visual art that the public is drawn to this dramatic rendition of life in the theatre. For even just two hours or so, you are put into a different lifestyle. Action, drama or comedy it may be. We are thrust into a different way of thinking. We are forced to learn the characters thoughts and feelings. The hard work and artistic skill that goes into these magnificent films is not an easy thing to mimic. Out of the thousands of movies released worldwide each year only a handful are truly worthy of the label film art. Most of the great movies are either produced by a multi million dollar†¦show more content†¦Even if one plans on becoming a director and not a screenwriter one needs to know what kind of scripts to look for. This is very important for a beginning small movie director since the reader will most likely be writing their own scripts to get some recognition. A script is a document that outline s every aural, visual, behavioral, and lingual element required to tell a story, according to the dictionary definition at www.Wikidpedia.org. It is crucial to remember that film is a visual medium. One doesn’t tell the audience the story, one shows them. So what one will be writing is not a novel but more like explaining a dream on paper. One must learn to write a screenplay visually. As famed director Darren Aronofsky said in an interview with a struggling screenwriter trying to get published, â€Å"Most of what one writes that doesn’t work on screen will just be improvised on the movie set†. There are many important requirements for screenplays that may seem like minutia at first glance but the format of ones script is extremely important since it will be submitted along with hundreds of others to one producer. For example, the main font in use in the U.S. by both publishers and the Hollywood film industry is Courier 12 pitch According to AFI (American Film Industry) the basics of screenwriting. Though this seems unimportant, when a publisher is looking at a manuscript he is going to look for thingsShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Impact Of Digital Technology On The Film Industry1594 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor impact on the film industry. The transformation of the use of digital films has created a result of new advancement within technology, such as HD, 4K, 8K, and 3D films. With the birth of these visual technologies, it has created an eye-catching experience for the entertainment of the audience. 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This is limited to the film and music, video game and sectors which represent American culture, much of which

Essay Ewing V. California/ Andrade V. California - 1274 Words

A sample of inmates released during this period was drawn from a list obtained from the Florida Department of Correction, for a total sample of roughly 3,793 offenders. Careful attention was given to securing a representative sample from each offense group. The offenders chosen were released from public and private state prisons after expiration of their sentences. The centralized idea of this study was to determine the differentiation between public and private state prisons focusing on recidivism. I have chosen two cases that reflect on the central issue of this topic and how they are treated by the Courts which can hopefully shed some light on the research problem as it exists in present society. These cases are based on†¦show more content†¦Supporters of Proposition 184 argued that imposing lengthy sentences on repeat offenders would reduce crime in two ways (Mullin, 1998). First, extended sentences, also referred to as sentence enhancements, would remove repeat felon s from society for longer periods of time, thereby restricting their ability to commit additional crimes. Second, the threat of such long sentences would discourage some offenders from committing new crimes (Mullin, 1998). In March 2000, the defendant Gary Ewing entered a golf shop at the El Segundo Golf Course in Los Angeles County, California. He was caught in the parking lot with three Calloway golf clubs in his pants, which were valued at $399 each, for a total theft of $1197 (Ewing v. California). A jury found the defendant guilty of grand theft. The defendant has a lengthy criminal record dating back to 1984, with numerous misdemeanor and felony convictions. In 1993 he was convicted of first-degree robbery and three separate burglary convictions. His record also includes convictions for theft, battery, and possession of a firearm convictions. He has suffered nine prior felony and misdemeanor convictions before his 1993 convictions. Two of his prior strike offenses were violent and involved the use of a weapon. Between 1988 and the date of the current offense, the defendant had been either in prison, on probation, or on paroleShow MoreRelatedReport: Ethics and Three Strikes Law736 Words   |  3 Pagesthe punishment should be similar to that of someone committing the same crime in California. If, however, different States characterize certain crimes differently, the scenario is entirely possible that someone could be sentenced to life imprisonment in California for shoplifting cookies at a grocery store, and getting very little time in Florida. In addition, because there is no interpretation of the law in California, for instance, someone committing such a minor crime as stealing golf clubs is treated

Is Television a Bad Influence on Children free essay sample

It was hard for me to swallow the fact that I had to leave him because he was sick. Because he was incapable to be someone who can take care of me for the rest of my life. I knew what we had was an old-fashioned kind of love. We didnt meet up that often. I had always been so shy and reserved around him. I was uncertain about a lot of things when we were together. But one thing I was always sure of was, that he loved me. He talked about me to his friends, and even to his students. He bragged how lucky he was to have owned me as his. What I had in my mind was that this man right there, was destined for me. I had been through quite a heartbroken moment previously and he was the only one my heart could approve that very moment. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Television a Bad Influence on Children? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I never did say those three words to him. I dont know why. I thought it is proper just to keep going on with him and sooner or later, when he is legally mine, I can finally utter the sacred lines. My dad was the first person who asked me to break off my bond with him. I was close to my dad, and I had to take that as an obligation for me to obey. He said, my lover wouldnt last long and his cancer will worsen each passing day and he didnt want to see me end up as a widow, post-marriage. I know it sounded so inhumane, for him to say that. I was torn. It wasnt easy for me to ditch him and put an end to our long-term plan of marriage just because hes a bone cancer victim. I was stuck between my genuine feelings towards him and my familys demand. I cried every day thinking that not only I will lose him as my lover, but how soon he will leave this world, suffering from his illness. My cousins and my siblings were worried about me. They showed up at my house, trying to shake me back to reality that there is always a plenty of fishes in the sea. That Im still young and there are a couple of guys who will wait and treat me right. But I know it wouldnt be the same like how he meant to me. I struggled each second to make believe that I can make it through this hurdle of life. I told myself over and over again that he maybe wasnt meant for me. Because if he was, God will always find a way to help me spare with strengths to be with him again. I was powerless and I decided to leave the town and stay with my foster sister, away from home, away from his presence, away from my choking reality. I left him for good. I learnt to build myself again there. I found things to do to take my mind off my grief and sadness. I confided to God regularly just to know whether my decision was right. I believed that I was doing the right thing because God constantly helped me through along my ways of healing myself. My life was installed back like before even it took me quite a long time to recover. After almost one year and a half, I returned to my hometown for good. I got myself a job, and I was still single. I wasnt attracted to anyone ever since him. He was still there, surviving his remaining days. He stood little chance to heal. I felt sorry for him but there was no turning back because Ive made up my mind. I met a new guy through our mutual friends. He just moved in here for his duty and he was looking for someone he can be with as a life partner. I heard, he just broke off from his engagement too because his fiancee cheated on him and went for another man. Practically, we were both single and available, and I didnt hesitate to accept him walking into my life, because my friend here reassured me how a good man he is. It is about time for me to break out from all this heartbreak memories and start afresh with this new guy. Everything went well, and a couple of months before I wed him, my ex lover died of cancer. He was gone, and I felt a part of me was gone forever too with him. He knew that I had a new man in my arms, and he was devastated of course. To his dismay, he cant do anything because he knew there was nothing else he can offer for me. He cant even afford to take care of himself, let alone myself. I couldnt help shedding tears. I broke down for a while only to realize that I have to prepare myself for this new guy Im going to marry. To be truth, I didnt even have the chance to get to know him that well. I didnt even have any deep feelings towards him. I figured out maybe it was proper to explore more about him soon. Not long after that incident, I tied the knot with the new man. There were no objections, no depression, and no obstacles. Nobody disapproved our relationship, because it was an arranged marriage. Both of us, agreed to that and I got awkward when I first trying to adapt myself around him. He was a firm and ambitious man. Ive always been into funny guys but it was rather hard to see him cracking laughs with me. At times, thoughts scattered in my mind and I finally had the guts to ask him, Why did you marry me in the first place? We never really loved each other either. Â  He smiled back to me and he said, Because a couple of months before I decided to take you as my wife, I prayed to God, asking whether youre the one for me. Ive already liked you the first time I set my eyes on you. I just needed to be fully sure that youre really meant for me, and not just because of some infatuation or mere attraction I asked further, Then, how do you know I am really meant for you? He really showed you, did He? He gave plenty of signs to me. I saw you. Your presence in my dreams. And whenever Im around you, event hough we havent really developed feelings for each other, you give me the serenity that Ive always yearned from a woman. How can I not be so sure that youre my destiny now? he answered convincingly. I went silent for a while. Hes right after all. Your favorite love, doesnt always have to be your destiny despite that what I had with my ex lover was real. He could be someone else that you never thought hed be. Somehow, someway, God has a better plan for me, and he was sent for me to prove that. And up until now, it has been 23 years we have been together and we are going stronger than ever. I love him more tha n every breath I could take and he really is a Godsend from above. Today, I told my daughter, Amirah Nadiah, this journey of mine. I saw her tears welling up when I ended up the whole story. I know shes irrevocably in love with her boyfriend and I do not know much things and the issues they are going through, but she has to know that love is love. It is not necessarily the same definition to destiny. Ive made it clear to her that destiny is not something she can mess up with and the amount of love she had given to him does not determine how long will they last. That doesnt mean she should not believe in this rocky relationship. Supposedly she has to urvive and fix the relationship but in the meantime, she has to have faith in His power. I want her to keep on praying to God so that she can see whats best for her. Maybe she forgets that the Almighty is the one who controls it all. Now that she knows, I hope she gets what is she supposed to do after doing so. This is a strictly true story and I wish she could learn something from this. May Allah guide and give her the signs she has been seeking for all this while a nd may she have her wishes granted. Amin. Premise: argument+

Paper Essays (213 words) - Food Preservation, Clarence Birdseye

Paper 2/9/15 The Father of Frozen Foods The article "Clarence Birdseye and the Birth of Frozen Foods" demonstrates that when presented with an opportunity to succeed Clarence will work until the task is completed. During the course of his life Clarence faced many tough challenges that he did not let stop him from accomplishing his goals. Even after being short of money he persevered in his quest to support his family. Despite not having the financial support to finish college Clarence used his intelligence to help support his family, and people across the world. The most significant traits that contribute to Birdseyes success, are determination and intelligence. Before Clarence was wealthy he went about making money in various ways, he was skilled in taxidermy and passed the skill on to others often making money whilst doing this. Another hobby of his that put money into his pocket was catching frogs and selling them to a nearby zoo. Later in his life he could not afford the luxury of a college education and had to work full time to support his family. When Clarence began working full time for the department of agriculture he did not know it would present him with such a huge opportunity in the future. Later in his life, Birdseye had more enough

Free Essays on The Connection Between Happiness And Virtue

The Connection Between Happiness and Virtue Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics is an analysis of character and intelligence as they relate to happiness. Aristotle distinguished two kinds of "virtue," or human excellence: moral and intellectual. Moral virtue is an expression of character, formed by habits reflecting repeated choices. A moral virtue is always a mean between two less desirable extremes. Courage, for example, is a mean between cowardice and thoughtless rashness; generosity, between extravagance and parsimony. Intellectual virtues are not subject to this doctrine of the mean. Aristotle argued for an elitist ethics: Full excellence can be realized only by the mature male adult of the upper class, not by women, or children, or barbarians (non-Greeks), or salaried "mechanics" (manual workers) for whom, indeed, Aristotle did not want to allow voting rights. This idea does not hold strong, however, because it asserts that morality is a virtue or morality is a coefficient of external factors, namely rich and the poor; the educated and the uneducated, etc. However, morality is a factor by itself and can only be expressed in its true form, independent of what kind of person is expressing it. According to Aristotle, the good is "defined as that which all things aim" (1094a2-3, 3). For example he sites politics as being an example of the good because "the end of politics is the good for man" (1094a 8-9, 4). He stipulates the difference between the good and the highest good by analyzing different degree of outcome in difference fields. He compares for example the good of the state as a whole and that of the individual, showing that it is far more significant to safeguard the well being of the state over that of an individual. Yet, Aristotle admits that even the good does not yield happiness of all involved. This is what he calls the limitations of ethics and politics. Here, he shows that politics has it flaws because not everyone is ... Free Essays on The Connection Between Happiness And Virtue Free Essays on The Connection Between Happiness And Virtue The Connection Between Happiness and Virtue Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics is an analysis of character and intelligence as they relate to happiness. Aristotle distinguished two kinds of "virtue," or human excellence: moral and intellectual. Moral virtue is an expression of character, formed by habits reflecting repeated choices. A moral virtue is always a mean between two less desirable extremes. Courage, for example, is a mean between cowardice and thoughtless rashness; generosity, between extravagance and parsimony. Intellectual virtues are not subject to this doctrine of the mean. Aristotle argued for an elitist ethics: Full excellence can be realized only by the mature male adult of the upper class, not by women, or children, or barbarians (non-Greeks), or salaried "mechanics" (manual workers) for whom, indeed, Aristotle did not want to allow voting rights. This idea does not hold strong, however, because it asserts that morality is a virtue or morality is a coefficient of external factors, namely rich and the poor; the educated and the uneducated, etc. However, morality is a factor by itself and can only be expressed in its true form, independent of what kind of person is expressing it. According to Aristotle, the good is "defined as that which all things aim" (1094a2-3, 3). For example he sites politics as being an example of the good because "the end of politics is the good for man" (1094a 8-9, 4). He stipulates the difference between the good and the highest good by analyzing different degree of outcome in difference fields. He compares for example the good of the state as a whole and that of the individual, showing that it is far more significant to safeguard the well being of the state over that of an individual. Yet, Aristotle admits that even the good does not yield happiness of all involved. This is what he calls the limitations of ethics and politics. Here, he shows that politics has it flaws because not everyone is ...

Analysis of the Migration in UK, France and Germany Research Paper

Analysis of the Migration in UK, France and Germany - Research Paper Example The European Union developed from a series of inter-state relationships that were developed after World War II that were designed to assure that such a war could never occur again within Europe and to provide bonds between countries by providing for the free movement of goods, services and eventually people. The founding members of the European Union, the central fifteen states, have diverse economies and cultures, but they held in common the fact that they were advanced, rich countries with educated populations and high GDPs. The recent admittance of the EU-10 countries on May 1, 2005, has led to a growing concern regarding migration, but this may be seen as merely exasperating trends that were already occurring (Migration, 2005). The fact is that there has been a discrepancy between the avowed aims of the EU: to enable the four freedoms of movement of foods, capital, workers, and services across national borders and the often individual policies of some of the founding, and richer countries. Thus France and Germany have instituted policies, both on a public and private level, that reflect their worry about so-called "wage or social dumping" (Migration, 2005). The perceived "problem" arises from the fact that many German, Dutch, French and British firms have established employee leasing firms in lower-wage members of the EU such as Poland and Portugal. The employees hired by these countries are then often sent to the richer countries where they are paid at rates equivalent to their home countries rather than the ones that they are now working in. Thus there are many Portuguese laborers on English construction sites, and in turn, Ukrainian workers are found on Portuguese construction sites.Changes in employment practices within certain industries have been quite startling because of this movement of workers. Thus leasing firms have replaced about 50% of the c. 60,000 workers in the German slaughterhouse industry with Polish workers. While Germany has no minimum wage laws, it has attempted to regulate this movement through, among other policies trying to extend its mid-1990's law mandating union-agreed wages for all workers in the construct ion industry to other sectors of the economy.These individual country laws are often at odds with the wider push of the EU towards greater freedom. In this case "freedom" is argued to be the need for competition and lowers wages/prices in countries such as France and Germany. But these countries do not want the lower wages and what is perceived as the lower standards of living and quality of life that will occur. In an economic sense, there is a deep suspicion of the new EU countries and pus to tighten national laws, but it is one that will inevitably come up against a shifting balance of power with Europe.

Conventional medicine vs. Modern (such as herbs) & are herbs ethical Research Paper

Conventional medicine vs. Modern (such as herbs) & are herbs ethical - Research Paper Example Thus, it is important to understand the ethical issues raised by the use of unconventional medicines in treatment of various conditions. Conventional Medicine vs. Modern Medicine Traditional medicine is an ancient and culture-oriented medical practice, which was in existence in the human societies before the use of modern science in health. The traditional medicine practice varies widely and they attempt to keep the cultural and societal heritage of different nations. The human community responds to treatment of diseases and maintenance of health through the development of a medical system. Thus, the traditional medicine practice is evident in almost all cultures. The traditional medicine practice is mainly relies on personal experience and conventional use. The benefit of traditional medicine and majority of modern medical treatments have not been assesses using contemporary scientific methods. Extensive accounts of experiences and use from one generation to the other offers some ev idence that traditional medicine is effective. However, there is need for scientific research to offer additional evidence to the safety and effectiveness of the traditional medicines (World Health Organization [WHO], 2000). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by most of the Americans as they pursue health and well-being. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of various health care and medical systems, and products currently not regarded as part of the conventional medicine. Complementary medicine is utilized together with conventional medicine. On the other hand, alternative medicine is utilized in place of conventional medicine. CAM practices are divided into different categories such as body-based practices, manipulative practices, mind and body medicine, and natural products (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [NCCAM], 2011). Herbal Medicines In the category of natural products, there are various minerals, vitamins, herb al medicines (also referred to as botanicals), and other natural products. Of great importance in this study are the herbal medicines. Botanical or herbal medicines indicate some of the earliest attempts to enhance the human condition (NCCAM, 2011). MedlinePlus (2010) defines an herb as part of a plant or a plant used for its flavor, therapeutic, or scent properties. People take herbal medicine products as dietary supplements to improve their health. Most of the herbs have been used for quite a long time because of their claimed health benefits. However, not all herbs have health benefits, some cause health problems, others are not effective and others fail to interact well with other drugs the patient is taking (MedlinePlus, 2010). Are Herbs Ethical? There are volumes of literature that offer examples of patients who have been cured of their diseases and ailments through the use of unconventional therapies such as meditation, herbal therapies, and acupuncture. However, the basis of most of these reports is on poorly managed clinical trials or testimonials. Thus, it has become a big dilemma for the physicians to properly measure the benefit of unconventional therapy for the patients. There are cases where the patient may demand the use of unconventional therapy for his or her condition or for someone they have control over. For instance, a case is given where a mother demanded that the caregivers use â€Å"

History of Vehicles Essay Example for Free

History of Vehicles Essay Vehicles had provided humans a means of transportation and vehicles had been a great help in building early civilizations such as of Mesopotamia with its chariots, Egypt with its reed boats, and China with its wheelbarrow. The old had been improved; the new had been invented; and the future had been conceptualized. These had been the cycle of vehicles through the change of time. Looking ahead†¦ The Wheel and the Ship (3500 BC) The oldest wheel discovered was in Mesopotamia and is believed to be over fifty-five hundred years old. Rock drawings of ships were found in Egypt and are believed to have been drawn around 6000 BC. These thus proved that wheel and ships are known by man at that very early time and were used as a part of their trading and technology. Wheels are taught to had been conceptualized when â€Å"humans realized that heavy objects could be moved easier if something round, for example a fallen tree log, was placed under it and the object rolled over it† (Bellis, â€Å"The Invention of the Wheel†). First boats then were usually built of wood while animal skins, clay pots, and reeds had served as an alternative. The Wheelbarrow (181 234 AD) The wheelbarrow is believed to have originated from China and was invented by a general named Chuko Liang to transport supplies to injured soldiers. It is believed that â€Å"wheelbarrows do not exist in Europe before the 11th or 12th century (the earliest known Western depiction is in a window at Chartres Cathedral, dated around 1220 AD). Descriptions of the wheelbarrow in China refer to first century BC, and the oldest surviving picture, a frieze relief from a tomb-shrine in Szechuan province, dates from about 118 AD† (â€Å"Wheelbarrow†). The Early Triumphs to Fly (400 BC-1850s) Kite flying started by the Chinese had been the pioneer of man on how he could fly. Different thoughts as to how man could meet this objective had undergone. These included the experiment to imitate a bird by attaching feathers or light weight wood to arms which had been proven disastrous since human arms’ muscles are not like of birds and cannot move with a strength like of a bird. Other experiments though were not originally intended so as man could fly included the work of Hero of Alexandria on Aeolipile. â€Å"Hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle. A fire below the kettle turned the water into steam, and the gas traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to escape, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. Aeolipile must be included in the history of vehicles because it gave the principle for engine created movement† (Bellis, â€Å"Early history of Flight†). In the 1480s, with over 100 drawings that illustrated theories on bird and mechanical flight, Leonardo da Vinci had also entered this search to man’s mean to fly (Bellis, Early history of Flight). Leonardo’s Ornithopter concept had been the basis to the invention of the modern day helicopter. In 1783, Jacques Etienne and Joseph Michel Montgolfier invented the first hot air balloon (â€Å"How Did We Learn to Fly Like the Birds? †). Using the smoke from a fire to blow hot air into a silk bag that was attached to a basket, they had been able to fly aboard the hot air balloons’ first passengers, a sheep, a rooster, and a duck. On November 21, 1783, the first ever successful manned flight took place sending Francois Laurent and Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier up in the air (Bellis, Early history of Flight). Further studies then went on. In the 1850’s, George Cayley, the considered founder of Aerodynamics, had made his contribution through his gliders wherein a young boy had been the first to fly. The Submarine (1578 – 1620) Designs for underwater boats or submarines date back to the 1500s and ideas for underwater travel date back even further but only in the year 1578 did appear a record of a craft for underwater navigation. â€Å"William Bourne, a former Royal Navy gunner, designed a completely enclosed boat that could be submerged and rowed beneath the surface (Bellis, â€Å"History of the Submarine 2†). Bourne’s idea had never been implemented but a similar apparatus was launched in 1605 (Bellis, History of the Submarine 2). The apparatus didn’t get farther as its designers did not considered the tenacity of underwater mud which caused the craft to stick in the river bottom in its first underwater trial. But in the year 1620, Cornelius Van Drebbel had invented the first â€Å"practical† submarine which was a rowboat covered with greased leather (Bellis, History of the Submarine 2). His submarine had successfully maneuvered at depths of 12 to 15 ft. below the surface of Thames River. He had then further made revisions of his first submarine and legends says that after repeated tests, King James I of England rode to one of his later models (â€Å"The Saga of the Submarine†). Despite success, Drebbel’s invention did not quickly amaze the British Navy that made submarine warfare infeasible during that time. Steam Powered Automobiles (1600 1700) Steam power had been known for the past centuries but it was only in the 1600’s where it had been in practical use. â€Å"Ferdinand Verbiest created a model steam carriage in 1678, that moved by using a principle that is used in the modern day turbine. In the 17th century the Dutch physicist, Christiaan Huygens built an engine that uses air pressure. About 1750, the French inventor Jacques de Vaucanson gave a demonstration of a carriage propelled by a large clockwork engine. The steam engine had then developed the motorized land transport by the 1760s† (Brainard). The first built automobile is attributed to Nicolas Joseph Cugnot in the year 1769. He made his three wheeled steam driven tractor intending to help the French army to move its heavy artillery pieces in and around Paris (Brainard). His being the first had made also his automobile to be also the first to be involved in an automobile accident in 1771. Steamboat (1783 1787) After a century of steam power exploration used in automobiles, development of steam powered boats then took place. In 1783, the first practical steamboat was demonstrated by Marquis Claude Francois de Jouffroy d’Abbans – a paddle wheel steamboat. â€Å"The era of the steamboat then began in America in 1787 when John Fitch (1743-1798) made the first successful trial of a forty-five-foot steamboat on the Delaware River on August 22, 1787, in the presence of members of the Constitutional Convention. Fitch later built a larger vessel that carried passengers and freight between Philadelphia and Burlington, New Jersey. † (Bellis, â€Å"History of Steamboats†). Modern Bicycles (1790) The next notable improvement in the history of vehicles is the invention of modern day bicycles which is disputed on whether the invention of Pierre and Ernest Michaux were the first ever built or not. â€Å"Some history books states that Pierre and Ernest Michaux, the French father and son team of carriage-makers, invented the first bicycle during the 1860s. Historians now disagree and there is supporting evidence that the bicycle is already known before. However, historians all agree that Pierre and Ernest Michaux invent the modern bicycle pedal and cranks in 1861. † (Bellis, â€Å"Bicycle History†, â€Å"Bicycle History in Debate†). Steam Powered Locomotives (1801) Locomotives were designed first by Richard Trevithick but not originally for railroad tracks but for roads while George Stephenson is regarded as the inventor of the first steam locomotive engine for railroads. â€Å"Richard Trevithicks invention is considered the first tramway locomotive, however, it was designed for a road, not for a railroad. † (Bellis, â€Å"Richard Trevithick†). The Motorcycles (1867) The mechanical version of the bicycles had been born with the invention of motorcycles in 1867. â€Å"American, Sylvester Howard Roper (1823-1896) invented a two-cylinder, steam-engine motorcycle (powered by coal) in 1867. This can be considered the first motorcycle, if you allow your description of a motorcycle to include a steam engine. † (Bellis, â€Å"Motorcycle†).

Cultural Relativism as Applied to Female Genital Mutilation Essay

Cultural Relativism as Applied to Female Genital Mutilation "I remember the blade. How it shone! There was a woman kneeling over me with the knife. I bit her; it was all I could do. Then three women came to hold me down. One of them sat on my chest. I bit her with all my might." These words reflect Banassiri Sylla’s account of her experience undergoing female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation (FGM), at the young age of eight in the Ivory Coast. This disturbing description of her struggle makes it hard to understand why any culture could support such a practice. Yet, it is estimated that about 132 million women and girls in about thirty African countries have undergone the same, or at least similar, cultural procedure as Banassiri. According to the World Health Organization, about two million girls undergo female genital mutilation every year and the percentage of women circumcised is as high as ninety-eight percent in countries such as Djibouti . Despite its popularity in Africa, FGM is under scrutiny by members of the international human rights community. In 1993, female circumcision was deemed harmful by the international Human Rights Conference in Vienna . The World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the UN Population Fund have planned programs designed to â€Å"completely eliminate [female genital mutilation] within three generations† , on the basis that FGM is a human rights violation. This gives rise to the obvious question as to whether human rights activists and organizations should be sensitive to the cultural practices of the people of Africa. Some human rights activists have even professed FGM as a â€Å"knock-down counterargument to cultural relativism†, and use the practice as an example of how hum... ...ture of others. Works Cited Dorkenoo, Efua and Scilla Elworthy. â€Å"Female Genital Mutilation: Proposals for Change†. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. (1992): 3-36. â€Å"Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview†. World Health Organization Publications. Geneva: 1998. Viewed 1 Dec. 2001. http://www.who.int/dsa/cat98/fgmbook.htm#2.%20Prevalence%20and%20epidemiology> Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. â€Å"Cultural Relativism and Universal Rights†. The Chronicle of Higher Education. June 1995. Viewed 1 Dec. 2001. http://www.cs.org/publications/featuredarticles/1998/fluerhlobban.htm> Reaves, Malik Stan. â€Å"Alternative Rite to Female Circumcision Spreading in Kenya†. Africa News Service. Nov. 1997. Pp 1-3. Robinson, Simon. â€Å"The Last Rites†. Time Europe. Dec. 2001: Vol 158, No 23. 1 Dec. 2001. http://www.time.com/time/europe/af/magazine/0,9868,185799,00.html>

Developmental Profile †Cognitive

The classroom is the venue with which a child learns how to use his/her cognitive abilities for greater understanding and mastery of educational skills like reading, problem solving, critical thinking and hypothesis testing. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development shows that each person undergoes cognitive milestones which have to be attained by a child before he/she can go into the next stage. Each stage is composed of cognitive skills that have to do with the cognitive processing of information (Atherton, 2005).For example, in the early stages a child first knows that he/she is separate from other people. Next, he/she is able to use language and can identify objects and what they represent. The school age child normally is able to think logically; makes use of number, mass and weight conservation and classify objects in terms of various characteristics. The last stage is when the child can think abstractly and test hypothesis as well as be concerned with ideological thinkin g and problems (Atherton, 2005).The classroom offers different activities that promote the learning of this cognitive sills, as well as delivering information and knowledge in ways that are cognitively appropriate for their age. This developmental profile report shows how the teacher supports the cognitive development of her students through the instructional approaches he/she uses in the classroom. Ms. Lisa is a 4th grade teacher, she is well aware that children are still in the concrete stage and that they are more able to understand the lessons if it is presented using concrete examples and models that the children could touch and feel or observe.For today’s lesson, Miss Lisa is introducing the concept of classifications; she has Amber, Stacy and Luis to help her in the lesson presentation. Ms. Lisa presents the 3 children with colored balls and in different shapes, She firsts asks Amber to describe what she sees and then to arrange the balls in size. Amber seems to smile because she knows that her task is very simple, she first places the golf ball in the line, followed by the baseball, then the volleyball and the basketball. Ms.Lisa check Amber’s work and is satisfied, she then asks the class why the balls are correctly lined up. Now Ms. Lisa tells Stacy to arrange the balls by color, Stacy claps gleefully as she proceeds to arrange the balls with the golf, baseball and volleyball on one side and the basketball on the other side. Stacy seeks the approval of her teacher as she asks whether her answer is correct. Ms. Lisa tells her it is correct and she smiles even more. Finally, Ms. Lisa tells Luis to arrange the balls in shape.The class fell silent and Luis scratched his head and made inquisitive looks to his teacher. He approached the balls not really sure of what to do since all the balls looked the same. Then Ms. Lisa encouraged him to go and try out his answer so he would know if it was right or not. In an instant, Luis eyes brightened a nd became rounder, he then went to the balls more confident and then went on to lump the balls in one pile. He smiled and said â€Å"that’s it, they are all round, and they are balls†. Ms. Lisa smiles and tells the class that Luis is right. The process that Ms.Lisa used to demonstrate classification of different characteristics using the same objects showed that the children have achieved the ability to classify objects, in the process the teacher have contributed to the self-esteem and confidence of the student in working with her class demonstration. Amber definitely knows she has the right answer and Ms. Lisa did not have to encourage her, on the other hand Stacy was unsure but tried her best, and Ms. Lisa affirmed her answer. Ms. Lisa however spent more time with Luis since he had difficulty with the task, but in a moment of insightful thinking, he was able to give the correct answer. Reference Atherton, J. (2005).   Learning and Teaching:   Piaget's developmental theory. Retrieved November 12, 2007, from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm   

Comparing Rousseau And Mill On Liberty Essay - 1838 Words

The term â€Å"civil or social liberties† is one that garners a lot of attention and focus from both Rousseau and Mill, although they tackle the subject from slightly different angles. Rousseau believes that the fundamental problem facing people’s capacity to leave the state of nature and enter a society in which their liberty is protected is the ability to â€Å"find a form of association that defends and protects the person and goods of each associate with all the common force, and by means of which each one, uniting with all, nevertheless obeys only himself and remains as free as before† (Rousseau 53). Man is forced to leave the state of nature because their resistance to the obstacles faced is beginning to fail (Rousseau 52). Mill does not†¦show more content†¦By joining civil society and becoming a part of the general will, man is enriching his actions with a morality and rationality that was previously lacking. As he states in Book I, Chapter VIII, â€Å"although in this state he deprives himself of several advantages given to him by nature, he gains such great ones†¦that changed him from a stupid, limited animal into an intelligent being and a man† (Rousseau 56). What man posses in nature is an unlimited physical freedom to pursue everything that tempts him, although this is viewed by Rousseau as almost an enslavement towards one’s own instincts. In a civil state man is benefited by â€Å"substituting justice for instinct in his behaviour and giving his actions the morality they previously lacked† (Rousseau 54). In acting in accordance with the general will man is granted the most important form of all freedoms, civil freedom. Freedom of individuality is seen as the essential form of freedom according to Mill. The freedom of thought and speech, discussed in Chapter 2, do play a pivotal role in ensuring freedom, however, they are viewed more as a means to an end rather than being something that should be pursued for its own good. The freedom of individuality is essential for human progress and development and â€Å"it is only the cultivation of individuality which produces, or can produce, well-developed human beings† (Mill 70). It is this stressed importance on the importance ofShow MoreRelatedRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to point out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. 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